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Acta ortop. mex ; 29(1): 34-39, ene.-feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-755662

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El manejo adecuado del dolor postoperatorio en pacientes intervenidos de artrodesis vertebral instrumentada es esencial para disminuir la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. El uso de morfina por vía intratecal podría proporcionar una analgesia efectiva minimizando la dosis necesaria y los efectos adversos secundarios. El objetivo del estudio es valorar la eficacia de la morfina intratecal en el control del dolor postoperatorio en pacientes intervenidos de artrodesis vertebral instrumentada. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado incluyendo a 46 pacientes intervenidos de fusión vertebral instrumentada. Los pacientes fueron divididos mediante randomización al azar en dos grupos, uno de los cuales recibió una dosis de morfina intratecal de 0.003 mg/kg antes del cierre de la herida quirúrgica. Durante el postoperatorio se registró frecuencia respiratoria, PCO2, PO2, necesidad de analgesia coadyuvante y valoración subjetiva del dolor mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA) a las 6, 24 y 48 horas tras la intervención. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: Los pacientes que recibieron morfina intratecal presentaron una disminución estadísticamente significativa del dolor postoperatorio durante las primeras 48 h con una puntuación EVA promedio cercana a 3. En 24.1% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones asociadas al uso de cloruro mórfico, tales como náuseas o vómitos, sin diferencias significativas respecto al grupo control. Conclusiones: El uso de morfina intratecal es una opción terapéutica segura y efectiva en el control del dolor postquirúrgico precoz en pacientes intervenidos de fusión vertebral instrumentada, permitiendo una recuperación más cómoda y rápida.


Background: Proper postoperative pain management in patients undergoing vertebral arthrodesis with instrumentation is essential to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality. Intrathecal morphine may provide effective analgesia minimizing the dose required and adverse side effects. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of intrathecal morphine to control postoperative pain in patients undergoing vertebral arthrodesis with instrumentation. Material and methods: A prospective randomized trial was conducted; it included 46 patients who underwent vertebral fusion with instrumentation. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: one of them received a 0.003 mg/kg dose of intrathecal morphine before closing the surgical wound. The following parameters were recorded during the postoperative period: respiratory rate, PCO2, PO2, need for adjuvant anesthesia and subjective pain assessment with the visual analog scale (VAS), at 6, 24 and 48 hours after the surgery. The results were analyzed with non-parametric tests. Results: Patients who received intrathecal morphine had a statistically significant decrease in postoperative pain within 48 hours after the surgery, with a mean VAS score close to 3. In 24.1 percent of patients had complications associated with the use of morphine chloride, such as nausea and vomiting, without any statistically significant differences compared with the control group. Conclusions: Intrathecal morphine is a safe and effective treatment option to control early postoperative pain in patients undergoing vertebral fusion with instrumentation. This leads to a more convenient and quick recovery.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Morphine/administration & dosage , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Spinal Fusion/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Injections, Spinal , Morphine/adverse effects , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
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